International Research Journal of Tamil

Tribal Rights in the Novel Uyarathin Thalvukal (Lows of Elevation)

2022-09-20T06:01:30+00:00

Human rights are great. To make man live as a human being. It is common to all, regardless of country, race, language, or religion. The United Nations organization and the Constitution of India have taken various initiatives to protect these human rights. However, it can be seen here and there that the dominant class finds pleasure in suppressing the poor and exploiting their labour. The poor, who live in ignorance and fear, are subservient to the dominant class without even being aware of their rights. The only category of such simple people is the tribals living in the hills. Since neither the government's help nor the welfare schemes have reached these people, they are living in a very lower position than the common poor living on the plains. In his novel "Uyarathin Thalvukal", Su.Samudram has recorded the lives of Malayalis, the tribals living in the Kalvarayan Hills. This novel emphasizes that even though they live in the high mountains, their lives are at a very low level without any rights. The essence of their labour is absorbed into the luxurious life of the Jagirs living on the plains. Their lives were ruined by exorbitant taxation and harsh punishments. When they are freed from the Jagirs, their lives are filled with misery by the forest officials. The women of the Kalvarayan hills fall prey to the physical hunger of the dominant class. The purpose of this article is to examine and highlight the rights that have been violated in the lives of these people who have no food to eat and who do not have proper treatment for their ailments through the novel "Lows of Elevation".

The Empirical Knowledge of Farmers and Today's Multi-Technical Skills

2022-09-20T06:21:55+00:00

Sangam Literature is the repository of the thoughts and deeds of the ancient Tamils. On the basis of that, it is not possible to count the many known achievements made by the intelligence of the ancient Tamils from that day till today. In one of its varieties, organic farming, the Tamilian is a parallel Tamilian. All of agrarian man's intelligence and rationality were scientific. Our agronomists are the ones who have worked empirically on the signals of nature, birds, and animals. They have an intelligence that transcends reason. Everything related to science is being implemented in our motherland. In the tremendous development of our mother tongue, the ancient Tamils have clearly established the science, politics, religion, finance, judicial medicine, multidisciplinary civilization, and culture of the ancient Tamils.

Psychological Expression in Free Verse

2022-09-20T07:03:02+00:00

In the context of the transformation of poetic literature from traditional poetry into new poetry, many other new genres of literature have also emerged. Creation is not only determined by the Creator. The social events that he observes in this society have an impact on him. He creates his own literature based on them. At the same time, the socio-political changes taking place in their society bring about a few changes in their traditional tendencies. The British rule in India is the best example. The British who came here introduced their literary forms here. Its impact slightly changed the creative tradition of the creators here. While this change is necessary for the readers of the work, it has become constant. These methods of creation were of great use to make it easier for the ordinary reader to understand ideas that were to be understood by the common man or for ordinary people to understand. In the context of the inability to read or understand the old poems without commentators, a new poetic tradition was greatly needed, and it was this necessity that developed the new poetry.

Panchaboothankal (Five Elements of Nature) as Depicted in Kurunthokai

2022-09-20T07:42:59+00:00

Sangam literature is one of the oldest pieces of literature that deals with the culture and customs of ancient peoples. In this literature, Ettuthokai (the Eight Anthologies) and Patthupaattu (The Ten Idylls) are the best guides for us to understand the aspects of the lives of the people and to live through them, and they provide ideas in many fields, such as science, astronomy, psychology, geography, etc. In that sense, it would not be an exaggeration to say that even though the Kurunthokai songs narrate the lives of the man and the woman, they give way to various creative scientific ideas. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to look at the multifaceted ideas found in the Kurunthokai songs.

The People of Marutham Land: Their Lives and Culture

2022-09-20T10:37:20+00:00

Social anthropologists have given various interpretations and definitions of culture. Culture is interwoven into the domestic as well as the public life of the people of the Sangam age. The culture of the people of Marutham land depended on agriculture. The people who lived in fertile agricultural lands lived by the disciplines that they could follow. Marriage is considered important and primary in Tamil culture. The Akananooru songs talk about the rituals of marriage. It is understood that "Silambu Kazhi Nonbu" (removal of anklets put on by the parents before the marriage of the girls) was the main ritual in the wedding rituals. The wedding rituals were simple. It is mentioned in the Kalitthokai that wearing new clothes at the time of the wedding, wearing new ornaments, adorning with garlands of flowers, and circumambulating the fire as guided by the Brahmin during the time of the wedding.

Arts and Techniques in Kalitthokai

2022-09-20T11:11:03+00:00

Man spends the rest of his life walking in the sky with the help of multidisciplinary science. Through multidisciplinary scientific thought, he discovers, demonstrates, and shares the nature and mechanisms of the world through a balanced approach. Although scientific knowledge has existed since time immemorial, it is true that modern scientific knowledge was founded by the efforts of Europe. Technology progresses through scientific knowledge. The basis of the path of scientific knowledge is the philosophy of the world. This is explained in the Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophy. They operate on the belief that we can know the nature of scientific knowledge. The scientific techniques that arise in their minds are published by scholars in their respective fields. Similarly, Kalitthokai's book elaborates on the intricate and versatile scientific work found in house construction, clothing, selling flowers, selling milk, protecting millet crops, astrology, medicine, calculating time, carpentry, and so on. It is the characteristic of this article to explain it.

Folk Medicine and Practical Life

2022-09-20T11:24:04+00:00

Every human society has its own medical system. It can be called a social institution. Disease and medicine are inseparable in the history of human culture. Folk medicine is the medical method practiced by the local people. These are called "hand remedies," "folk remedies," "grandmother's remedies," "herbal medicine," "home remedies," hereditary remedies, pachilai remedies (Medicament with leaves), naturopathy, etc., The Ayurvedic system of medicine is one of the oldest systems of medicine. Folk medicine was practiced in the Vedic period itself. There has been no extensive study of folk medicine in India. Western anthropologists have written some notes on folk medicine by studying the tribes. This system of medicine is intertwined with the culture, customs, and social structure of the rural population. They also adopt modern systems of medicine according to their beliefs. Folk medicine is widely used by the tribal people.

Messenger of the Day and Today's Communication

2022-09-20T11:43:25+00:00

When the individual began to live a collective life as a member of society, there was a need to communicate with others. The ancient peoples came into contact with one another in order to express their opinions, learn the opinions of others, and learn about the events that were happening around them. A man has been interested in learning about others. It was this quality that led to the emergence of mass communication. In those days, many tools, such as koothu (Drama), parai (Drum), manuscripts, inscriptions, copper charters, etc., were useful for the messengers to use as communication tools. As the communication of information grew, so did tools. In modern times, we have achieved many benefits due to technology. Phone, radio, television, computer, virtual technology, like that the list of technology used now can be kept on adding. Information relatedness reinforces people's thoughts and values.

Versatility and Periyapuranam

2022-09-20T11:57:10+00:00

Man sets up safe habitats to protect himself from the forces of nature. He also believed that science could help us solve problems in our daily lives. Man is making great achievements today because of his scientific progress. Astronomical research, medicine, and other technical research are constructed through science. Therefore, how the human body is structured, its movement, the forces required for movement, and all such things have been explained by science, and the benefits of science to improve daily life and protect human lives are immense. Sekkizhar's epic Thiruthondar Puranam demonstrates that he was a great artist. The arts have a special place in the Periyapuranam which is also known as national literature. The purpose of this article is to understand the scientific techniques in the fields of dance, song, sculpture, building, education, medicine, astrology, etc., through the Periyapuranam of that period.